Grant may refer to:

Places

Grant County (disambiguation)

United Kingdom

Castle Grant, 1.5 miles north of Grantown-on-Spey, Scotland

United States

Grant, Alabama

Grant, Inyo County, California

Grant, Sonoma County, California

Grant, Colorado

Grant-Valkaria, Florida

Grant, Iowa

Grant, Michigan

Grant, Minnesota

Grant, Nebraska

Grant, Wisconsin (disambiguation) (six towns)

Grant City, Indiana

Grant City, Missouri

Grant City, Staten Island

Grant Park, Illinois

Grant Park (Chicago)

Grant Town, West Virginia

Grant Township (disambiguation) (100 townships in 12 states)

Grants, New Mexico

U.S. Grant Bridge over Ohio River and Scioto River

India

Jolly Grant, Dehradun, Uttarakhand Airport

Businesses

Donald M. Grant, Publisher, Inc., a fantasy and science fiction small press publisher in New Hampshire

W. T. Grant variety store, a chain of mass-merchandise stores

William Grant & Sons, a Scotch whisky distilling company

Military history

USS ''Albert W. Grant'' (DD-649), a US Navy destroyer

M3 Lee, an American tank, a modified version was called the ''Grant''

Law and philanthropy

Grant, in United States law, a term in conveyancing

Grant (money), an award usually funded by a government, business, or foundation, often with not-for-profit preconditions

Other

Colloquial term for a United States fifty-dollar bill which bears a portrait of President Ulysses S. Grant

Grant of Arms in nobility

"Grant", a poem by Patti Smith from her 1978 book ''Babel'' (book)

Grant (automobile), a defunct Findlay, Ohio auto manufacturer

''In Search of the Castaways'' (originally titled ''The Children of Captain Grant''), a novel by Jules Verne

People

Ulysses S. Grant, the 18th President of the United States and general of the Union during the American Civil War

Frederick Dent Grant, son of the 18th President

See also

Grant County (disambiguation)

Grantor (disambiguation)

bg:Грант cs:Grant de:Grant es:Grant eo:Grant fr:Grant ko:그랜트 it:Grant he:גרנט nl:Grant ja:グラント pl:Grant (ujednoznacznienie) pt:Grant ro:Grant ru:Грант (значения) sl:Grant fi:Grant uk:Грант (значення) vo:Grant zh:格兰特

name	Audrey Hepburn
birth name	Audrey Kathleen Ruston
birth date	May 04, 1929
birth place
death date	January 20, 1993
death place
death cause	Appendiceal cancer
resting place	Tolochenaz Cemetery, Tolochenaz, Vaud, Switzerland
occupation	Actress, humanitarian
years active	1948–92
nationality	British
other names
website
spouse
partner
children
parents
awards	List of awards and honours }}

Audrey Hepburn (born Audrey Kathleen Ruston; 4 May 192920 January 1993) was a British actress and humanitarian. Although modest about her acting ability, Hepburn remains one of the world's most famous actresses of all time, remembered as a film and fashion icon of the twentieth century. Redefining glamour with "elfin" features and a waif-like figure that inspired designs by Hubert de Givenchy, she was inducted in the International Best Dressed List Hall of Fame, and ranked, by the American Film Institute, as the third greatest female screen legend in the history of American cinema.

Born in Ixelles, Belgium, Hepburn spent her childhood chiefly in the Netherlands, including German-occupied Arnhem during the Second World War. In Arnhem, she studied ballet before moving to London in 1948 where she continued to train in ballet while working as a photographer's model. Upon deciding to pursue a career in acting, she performed as a chorus girl in various West End musical theatre productions. After appearing in several British films and starring in the 1951 Broadway play ''Gigi'', Hepburn gained instant Hollywood stardom for playing the Academy Award-winning lead role in ''Roman Holiday'' (1953). Later performing in ''Sabrina'' (1954), ''The Nun's Story'' (1959), ''Breakfast at Tiffany's'' (1961), ''Charade'' (1963), ''My Fair Lady'' (1964) and ''Wait Until Dark'' (1967), Hepburn became one of the great screen actresses of Hollywood's Golden Age who received nominations for Academy Awards, Golden Globes and BAFTAs as well as winning a Tony Award for her theatrical performance in the 1954 Broadway play ''Ondine''. Hepburn remains one of few entertainers who have won Oscar, Emmy, Grammy, and Tony Awards.

Although she appeared in fewer films as her life went on, Hepburn devoted much of her later life to UNICEF. Her war-time struggles inspired her passion for humanitarian work and, although Hepburn had contributed to the organisation since the 1950s, she worked in some of the most profoundly disadvantaged communities of Africa, South America and Asia in the late eighties and early nineties. In 1992, Hepburn was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in recognition of her work as a UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador. In 1993, Hepburn died of appendiceal cancer at her home in Switzerland, aged 63.

Early life

Audrey Kathleen Ruston, later double-barrelled by her father to the surname Hepburn-Ruston, was born on Rue Keyenveld (or Keienveldstraat in Dutch) in Ixelles (or Elsene in Dutch), a municipality in Brussels, Belgium. Hepburn, the only child of Joseph Victor Anthony Ruston (1889–1980), an English banker of Irish descent, and his second wife Ella, baroness van Heemstra (1900–1984), a Dutch aristocrat, had two half-brothers: Jonkheer Arnoud Robert Alexander "Alex" Quarles van Ufford (1920–1979) and Jonkheer Ian Edgar Bruce Quarles van Ufford (1924–2010), by her mother's first marriage. Although born in Belgium, Hepburn had British citizenship and attended school in England as a child. Hepburn's father's job with a British insurance company meant that the family often travelled between Belgium, England, and the Netherlands. From 1935 to 1938, Hepburn was educated at Miss Rigden's School, an independent girls' school in the village of Elham, Kent, in the southeast of England.

Childhood and adolescence in World War II

Hepburn's parents, members of the British Union of Fascists in the mid-1930s (according to Unity Mitford, a friend of Ella van Heemstra and a follower of Adolf Hitler), divorced in 1935 when her father, a Nazi sympathiser, left the family. Her father's abandonment left her in a traumatic state. Years later, she located him in Dublin, Ireland, through the Red Cross. Although he remained emotionally detached, Hepburn remained in contact and supported him financially until his death.

Moving to their grandfather's home in Arnhem, the Netherlands, in 1939, her mother relocated her and her two half-brothers in the belief that the Netherlands would protect them from German attack. While in Arnhem, Hepburn attended the Arnhem Conservatory from 1939 to 1945 where she trained in ballet alongside the standard school curriculum. After the Germans invaded the Netherlands in 1940, Hepburn adopted the pseudonym Edda van Heemstra, a derivative of her mother's name "Ella," modifying her mother's documents because an "English sounding" name was considered dangerous during the German occupation. Her mother also felt that the name Audrey may have indicated her British roots too strongly – an unwanted asset particularly as it could have attracted the attention of occupying German forces and resulted in confinement or deportation.

By 1944, Hepburn had become a proficient ballerina. She had secretly danced for groups of people to collect money for the Dutch resistance. She later said, "The best audience I ever had made not a single sound at the end of my performances." After the Allied landing on D-Day, living conditions grew worse and Arnhem was subsequently devastated by Allied artillery fire under Operation Market Garden. During the Dutch famine that followed in the winter of 1944, the Germans blocked the resupply routes of the Netherlands’ already-limited food and fuel supplies as retaliation in railway strikes hindered German occupation. People starved and froze to death in the streets; Hepburn and many others resorted to making flour out of tulip bulbs to bake cakes and biscuits. One way that Hepburn passed the time was by drawing; some of her childhood artwork can be seen today.

Hepburn's half-brother, Ian van Ufford, spent time in a German labour camp. Suffering from malnutrition, Hepburn developed acute anæmia, respiratory problems, and œdema. Hepburn, in 1991, commented, "I have memories. More than once I was at the station seeing trainloads of Jews being transported, seeing all these faces over the top of the wagon. I remember, very sharply, one little boy standing with his parents on the platform, very pale, very blond, wearing a coat that was much too big for him, and he stepped on to the train. I was a child observing a child."

When the country was liberated, United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration trucks followed. Hepburn said in an interview that she fell ill from putting too much sugar in her oatmeal and eating an entire can of condensed milk. Hepburn's war-time experiences sparked her devotion to UNICEF, an international humanitarian organisation, in her later career.

Career

Career beginnings and early roles

After the war ended in 1945, Hepburn left the Arnhem Conservatory and moved to Amsterdam, where she took ballet lessons with Sonia Gaskell. Hepburn appeared as a stewardess in a short tourism film for KLM, before travelling with her mother to London. Gaskell provided an introduction to Marie Rambert, and Hepburn studied ballet at the Ballet Rambert, supporting herself with part-time work as a model. Hepburn eventually asked Rambert about her future; Rambert assured her that she could continue to work there and have a great career, but the fact that she was relatively tall (1.7m / 5 ft 7) coupled with her poor nutrition during the war would keep her from becoming a prima ballerina. Hepburn trusted Rambert's assessment and decided to pursue acting, a career in which she at least had the chance to excel. After Hepburn became a star, Rambert said in an interview, "She was a wonderful learner. If she had wanted to persevere, she might have become an outstanding ballerina."

Hepburn's mother worked menial jobs in order to support them and Hepburn needed to find employment. Since she had trained to become a performer all her life, acting seemed a sensible career. She said, "I needed the money; it paid ₤3 more than ballet jobs." Her acting career began with the educational film ''Dutch in Seven Lessons'' (1948). As a London chorus girl, she played in the musical theatre productions ''High Button Shoes'' (1948) at the London Hippodrome and Cecil Landeau's musical revues ''Sauce Tartare'' (1949) and ''Sauce Piquante'' (1950) at the Cambridge Theatre in the West End. Her theatre work, however, revealed that her voice was not strong and needed to be developed. Hepburn, therefore, took elocution lessons with the actor Felix Aylmer. Hepburn was spotted by a scout for Paramount Pictures during her work in the West End. She registered with the casting officers of British film studios while working in the West End to appear in small minor roles in the 1951 films ''One Wild Oat'', ''Laughter in Paradise'', ''Young Wives' Tale'' and ''The Lavender Hill Mob''.

During the filming of ''Monte Carlo Baby'' (1951), French novelist Colette appeared on set, choosing Hepburn to play the title character in the Broadway play ''Gigi''. Upon first sight of Hepburn, Colette whispered, "Voilà," indicating Hepburn, "there's your Gigi." Opening on 24 November 1951 at the Fulton Theatre, the play ran for 219 performances finishing on 31 May 1952. Hepburn's performance earned her a Theatre World Award. Hepburn's subsequent first significant film performance was in Thorold Dickinson's ''The Secret People'' (1952), in which, Hepburn played a prodigious ballerina; Hepburn performed all of her own dancing sequences.

''Roman Holiday'' and increased popularity

Hepburn's first starring role was in the Italian-set ''Roman Holiday'' (1953) as Princess Ann, a "bored and sheltered" European princess who, after escaping her guardians, falls in love with American newsman Gregory Peck. Producers initially wanted Elizabeth Taylor for the role but after Hepburn's screen test, director William Wyler was so impressed that he cast her in the lead. Following the screen test, the camera kept rolling while Hepburn, displaying her ability, candidly answered questions, relaxed and unaware that she was still being filmed. Wyler later commented, "She had everything I was looking for: charm, innocence and talent. She also was very funny. She was absolutely enchanting and we said, 'That's the girl!'" Originally, the film was to have had only Peck's name above its title in large font while she would receive "Introducing Audrey Hepburn" beneath. After filming had been completed and Hepburn had won the 1954 Academy Award for Best Actress for the role, Peck suggested to Wyler that he elevate her to equal billing so her name appeared before the title and in type as large as his. Due to the instant celebrity that came with ''Roman Holiday'', Hepburn spawned what became known as the Audrey Hepburn "look" while her illustration was placed on the September 1953 cover of ''TIME'' magazine. Hepburn garnered critical and commercial acclaim for her portrayal of the incognito princess and supplemented her Academy Award win with her first BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role and Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Drama. A. H. Weiler noted in ''The New York Times'' that although "she is not precisely a newcomer to films, [Hepburn,] who is being starred for the first time as Princess Ann, is a slender, elfin and wistful beauty, alternately regal and childlike in her profound appreciation of newly found, simple pleasures and love. Although she bravely smiles her acknowledgement of the end of that affair, she remains a pitifully lonely figure facing a stuffy future." In allowing her to become a star, Hepburn later called ''Roman Holiday'' her dearest movie. Returning to the New York stage after filming ''Roman Holiday'' for four months, Hepburn performed in ''Gigi'' for eight months. The play was performed in Los Angeles and San Francisco in its last month. She was signed to a seven-picture contract with Paramount with twelve months in between films to allow her time for stage work.

Following ''Roman Holiday'', she starred in Billy Wilder's romantic Cinderella-story comedy ''Sabrina'' (1954) where wealthy brothers (Humphrey Bogart and William Holden) compete for the affections of their chauffeur's innocent daughter (Hepburn). For her performance, she was nominated for the 1955 Academy Award for Best Actress while winning the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role the same year. The uncredited Hubert de Givenchy was responsible for many of Hepburn's outfits in the film. Initially disappointed, Givenchy noted that, upon being told that the actress would be"Miss Hepburn," he had expected Katharine Hepburn. When faced with this actress, he told Hepburn he had little time to spare. Nevertheless, she knew exactly how she wanted to look and asked to view his latest collection. Their collaboration in ''Sabrina'' developed into a life-long friendship and partnership; she was often a muse for many of his designs and her style became renowned internationally.

Hepburn also began another collaboration that year, this time with actor/writer/producer Mel Ferrer. After starring with him as the water spirit in ''Ondine'' on Broadway, Hepburn married Ferrer, and their sometimes tumultuous partnership would last for the better part of the next fifteen years. Her performance won her the 1954 Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Play, the same year she won the Academy Award for ''Roman Holiday''. Hepburn, therefore, stands as one of three actresses to receive the Academy and Tony Awards for Best Actress in the same year (the others being Shirley Booth and Ellen Burstyn). By the mid-1950s, Hepburn was not only one of the biggest motion picture stars in Hollywood, but also a major fashion influence. Her gamine and elfin appearance and widely recognised sense of chic were both admired and imitated. In 1955, she was awarded the Golden Globe for World Film Favorite – Female. Hepburn was asked to play Anne Frank's counterpart in both the Broadway and film adaptations of Frank's life. Hepburn, however, who was born the same year as Frank, found herself "emotionally incapable" of the task, and at almost thirty years old, too old. The role was eventually given to Susan Strasberg and Millie Perkins in the play and film respectively.

Having become one of Hollywood's most popular box-office attractions, she went on to star in a series of successful films during the remainder of the decade, including her BAFTA- and Golden Globe-nominated role as Natasha Rostova in ''War and Peace'' (1956), an adaptation of the Tolstoy novel set during the Napoleonic wars with Mel Ferrer and Henry Fonda. The year 1957 saw her debut in musical film titled ''Funny Face'' which saw her perform alongside Fred Astaire; she also starred alongside Gary Cooper and Maurice Chevalier in the romantic comedy ''Love in the Afternoon''. ''The Nun's Story'' (1959), in which she starred alongside Peter Finch, accrued her third Academy Award nomination and earned her another BAFTA Award. ''Films in Review'' stated that her performance "will forever silence those who have thought her less an actress than a symbol of the sophisticated child/woman. Her portrayal of Sister Luke is one of the great performances of the screen." Reportedly, she spent hours in convents and with members of the Church to bring truth to her portrayal: "I gave more time, energy and thought to this than to any of my previous screen performances." Subsequently, she starred with Anthony Perkins in the romantic adventure ''Green Mansions'' (1959) where Perkins, a young man, meets "a girl of the forest" (Hepburn) and falls in love with her. In 1960, she appeared alongside Burt Lancaster and Lillian Gish in her only western film ''The Unforgiven'' for which she received lukewarm reception.

''Breakfast at Tiffany's'' and continued stardom

Three months after the birth of her son, Sean, in 1960, Hepburn began work on Blake Edwards' ''Breakfast at Tiffany's'' (1961), a film very loosely based on the Truman Capote novella. The film was drastically changed from the original version. Capote disapproved of many changes and proclaimed that Hepburn was "grossly miscast" as Holly Golightly, a quirky New York call girl, a role he had envisioned for Marilyn Monroe. Hepburn's portrayal of Golightly was adapted from the original: "I can't play a hooker," she admitted to Marty Jurow, co-producer of the film. Despite the lack of sexual innuendo in her character, her portrayal was nominated for the 1962 Academy Award for Best Actress and became an iconic character in American cinema. Often considered her defining role, Holly Golightly, Hepburn's high fashion style and sophistication within the film became synonymous with her. She named the role "the jazziest of my career" yet admitted that, "I'm an introvert. Playing the extroverted girl was the hardest thing I ever did." The little black dress which is worn by Hepburn in the beginning of the film is cited as one of the most iconic items of clothing in the history of the twentieth century and perhaps the most famous little black dress of all time.

Playing opposite Shirley MacLaine and James Garner, her next role was in William Wyler's lesbian-themed drama ''The Children's Hour'' (1961) which saw Hepburn and MacLaine play teachers whose lives become troubled after a student accuses them of being lesbians. The film was one of Hollywood's earliest treatments of the subject of lesbianism, and perhaps due to this and the illiberal state of society, the film and Hepburn's performance went seemingly unnoticed both critically and commercially. Bosley Crowther of ''The New York Times'', however, noted that "it is not too well acted" with the exception of Hepburn who "gives the impression of being sensitive and pure" of its "muted theme" while ''Variety'' magazine also complemented Hepburn's "soft sensitivity, marvellous projection and emotional understatement" adding that Hepburn and MacLaine "beautifully complement each other."

Her only film with Cary Grant came in the comic thriller ''Charade'' (1963). Hepburn, who plays Regina Lampert, finds herself pursued by several men (including Grant) who chase the fortune her murdered husband had stolen. The role earned her third and final competitive BAFTA Award and accrued another Golden Globe nomination. Grant (59 years old at the time), who had previously withdrawn from the starring male lead roles in ''Roman Holiday'' and ''Sabrina'', was sensitive about the age difference between Hepburn (at age 34) and him, making him uncomfortable about the romantic interplay. To satisfy his concerns, the filmmakers agreed to change the screenplay so that Hepburn's character would be the one to romantically pursue his. Grant, however, loved to humour Hepburn and once said, "All I want for Christmas is another picture with Audrey Hepburn."

''Paris When It Sizzles'' (1964) reteamed Hepburn with William Holden nearly ten years after ''Sabrina''. The screwball comedy set in Paris saw Hepburn as Gabrielle Simpson, the young assistant of a Hollywood screenwriter (Holden) who aids his writer's block by acting out his fantasies of possible plots. The film, called "marshmallow-weight hokum", was "uniformly panned"; Behind the scenes, the set was plagued with problems: Holden tried, without success, to rekindle a romance with the now-married actress; that, combined with his alcoholism made the situation a challenge. Hepburn did not help matters: after principal photography began, she demanded the dismissal of cinematographer Claude Renoir after seeing what she felt were unflattering dailies. Superstitious, she insisted on dressing room 55 because that was her lucky number (she had dressing room 55 for ''Roman Holiday'' and ''Breakfast at Tiffany’s''). She insisted that Givenchy, her long-time designer, be given a credit in the film for her perfume.

''My Fair Lady''

"Not since ''Gone with the Wind'' has a motion picture created such universal excitement as ''My Fair Lady''", wrote ''Soundstage'' magazine in 1964, yet Hepburn's landing the role of Eliza Doolittle in the 1964 George Cukor film adaptation of the stage musical sparked controversy. Firstly, by producer Jack Warner, the decision had been made to cast someone other than Julie Andrews, who had originated the role on Broadway, for fear that Andrews's then-limited film experience would prevent the film's success. Initially refusing, Hepburn asked Warner to give it to Andrews, but when informed that it was either her or Elizabeth Taylor who would receive the part, she accepted the role. Secondly, the casting of Hepburn, a non-singer, in a major musical created further friction. Deemed below par, Hepburn's originally recorded vocals were replaced with those of Marni Nixon. Upset, she reportedly stormed off the set, yet returned early the next day to apologise for her "wicked" behaviour. In the finished film, Hepburn's only singing vocals remain in one line in the song "I Could Have Danced All Night," on a section of the song "Just You Wait" and in the entirety of its reprise. Footage of several songs with Hepburn's original vocals still exist and have been included in documentaries and the recent releases of the film, yet only Nixon's renditions have been released on LP and CD. When asked about the dubbing of an actress with such distinctive vocal tones, Hepburn frowned and said, "You could tell, couldn't you? And there was Rex, recording all his songs as he acted ... next time —" She bit her lip to prevent her saying more. The controversy reached its height during the 1964–65 Academy Awards season, when despite the film's accumulation of eight out of a possible twelve awards, Hepburn was left nomination-less in the Best Actress category while Andrews was nominated for ''Mary Poppins'' (1964), and won it. The media tried to play up a rivalry between the two actresses, even though both women denied any such bad feelings existed and got along well. Despite such strife, many critics greatly applauded Hepburn's performance. "The happiest thing about [''My Fair Lady'']," wrote Bosley Crowther in The New York Times "is that Audrey Hepburn superbly justifies the decision of Jack Warner to get her to play the title role." Gene Ringgold of ''Soundstage'' also commented that "Audrey Hepburn is magnificent. She is Eliza for the ages" while adding, "Everyone agreed that if Julie Andrews was not to be in the film, Audrey Hepburn was the perfect choice." Although initially feeling that she was badly miscast, her co-star Rex Harrison, as Higgins, also called Hepburn his favourite leading lady.

In the heist comedy ''How to Steal a Million'' (1966), she played Nicole, the daughter of a famous art collector whose collection consists entirely of forgeries. Fearing her father's exposure, Nicole sets out to steal one of his priceless statues with the help of Simon Dermott (Peter O'Toole). In 1967, she starred in two films: ''Two for the Road'' and ''Wait Until Dark''. The former, a non-linear and innovative British comedy drama, traces the course of a troubled marriage. Director Stanley Donen said that Hepburn was more free and happy than he had ever seen her, and he credited that to Albert Finney. The latter was an edgy thriller in which Hepburn demonstrated her acting range by playing the part of a terrorised blind woman. It was a difficult film, but despite its being produced by Mel Ferrer, filmed on the brink of their divorce, and losing fifteen pounds under the stress, Hepburn earned a fifth Academy Award nomination. On the bright side, she found co-star Richard Crenna to be very funny, and she had a lot to laugh about with director Terence Young. They both joked that he had shelled his favourite star twenty-three years before; he had been a British Army tank commander during the Battle of Arnhem.

Departure from cinema and final entertainment-related projects

From 1967 onward, after fifteen highly successful years in film, Hepburn decided to devote more time to her family and acted only occasionally.

She attempted a comeback in 1976, co-starring with Sean Connery, in the period piece ''Robin and Marian'', which was moderately successful. In 1979, Hepburn took the lead role of Elizabeth Roffe in the international production of ''Bloodline'', re-teaming with director Terence Young (''Wait Until Dark''). She shared top billing with co-stars Ben Gazzara, James Mason and Romy Schneider. Author Sidney Sheldon revised his novel when it was reissued to tie into the film, making her character a much older woman to better match the actress's age. The film, an international intrigue amid the jet-set, was a critical and box office failure.

Hepburn's last starring role in a cinematic film was with Ben Gazzara in the 1981 comedy ''They All Laughed'', directed by Peter Bogdanovich. The film was overshadowed by the murder of one of its stars, Bogdanovich's girlfriend, Dorothy Stratten; the film was released after Stratten's death but only in limited runs. In 1987, she co-starred with Robert Wagner in a tongue-in-cheek made-for-television caper film, ''Love Among Thieves'', which borrowed elements from several of Hepburn's films, most notably ''Charade'' and ''How to Steal a Million''.

After finishing her last role in a motion picture in 1988, a cameo appearance as an angel in Steven Spielberg's ''Always'', Hepburn completed only two more entertainment-related projects, both critically acclaimed. ''Gardens of the World with Audrey Hepburn'' was a PBS documentary television series, her final performance before cameras filmed on location in seven countries in the spring and summer of 1990. A one-hour special preceded the series, debuting in March 1991, while the series commenced the day after her death (21 January 1993). For the series's debut, Hepburn was posthumously awarded the 1993 Emmy Award for Outstanding Individual Achievement – Informational Programming. Recorded in 1992, her spoken word album, ''Audrey Hepburn's Enchanted Tales'', features readings of classic children's stories and earned her a posthumous Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album for Children. She remains one of the few entertainers to win Grammy and Emmy Awards posthumously.

Contributions to UNICEF

Just after filming the cameo appearance for ''Always'' (1989), Hepburn was appointed Goodwill Ambassador of UNICEF. Grateful for her own good fortune after enduring the German occupation as a child, she dedicated the remainder of her life to helping impoverished children in the poorest nations. Hepburn's travels were made easier by her wide knowledge of languages; besides being naturally bilingual in English and Dutch, Audrey also was fluent in French, Italian, Spanish, and German.

Though she had done work for UNICEF in the 1950s, starting in 1954 with radio presentations, this was a much higher level of dedication. Those close to her say that the thoughts of dying, helpless children consumed her for the rest of her life. Her first field mission was to Ethiopia in 1988. She visited an orphanage in Mek'ele that housed 500 starving children and had UNICEF send food. Of the trip, she said, "I have a broken heart. I feel desperate. I can't stand the idea that two million people are in imminent danger of starving to death, many of them children, [and] [sic] not because there isn't tons of food sitting in the northern port of Shoa. It can't be distributed. Last spring, Red Cross and UNICEF workers were ordered out of the northern provinces because of two simultaneous civil wars... I went into rebel country and saw mothers and their children who had walked for ten days, even three weeks, looking for food, settling onto the desert floor into makeshift camps where they may die. Horrible. That image is too much for me. The 'Third World' is a term I don't like very much, because we're all one world. I want people to know that the largest part of humanity is suffering".

In August 1988, Hepburn went to Turkey on an immunisation campaign. She called Turkey "the loveliest example" of UNICEF's capabilities. Of the trip, she said, "the army gave us their trucks, the fishmongers gave their wagons for the vaccines, and once the date was set, it took ten days to vaccinate the whole country. Not bad". In October, Hepburn went to South America. In Venezuela and Ecuador, Hepburn told the United States Congress, "I saw tiny mountain communities, slums, and shantytowns receive water systems for the first time by some miracle – and the miracle is UNICEF. I watched boys build their own schoolhouse with bricks and cement provided by UNICEF".

Hepburn toured Central America in February 1989, and met with leaders in Honduras, El Salvador, and Guatemala. In April, Hepburn visited Sudan with Wolders as part of a mission called "Operation Lifeline". Because of civil war, food from aid agencies had been cut off. The mission was to ferry food to southern Sudan. Hepburn said, "I saw but one glaring truth: These are not natural disasters but man-made tragedies for which there is only one man-made solution – peace". In October, Hepburn and Wolders went to Bangladesh. John Isaac, a UN photographer, said, "Often the kids would have flies all over them, but she would just go hug them. I had never seen that. Other people had a certain amount of hesitation, but she would just grab them. Children would just come up to hold her hand, touch her – she was like the Pied Piper".

In October 1990, Hepburn went to Vietnam in an effort to collaborate with the government for national UNICEF-supported immunisation and clean water programmes.

In September 1992, four months before she died, Hepburn went to Somalia. Hepburn called it "apocalyptic" and said, "I walked into a nightmare. I have seen famine in Ethiopia and Bangladesh, but I have seen nothing like this – so much worse than I could possibly have imagined. I wasn't prepared for this". "The earth is red – an extraordinary sight – that deep terracotta red. And you see the villages, displacement camps and compounds, and the earth is all rippled around them like an ocean bed. And those were the graves. There are graves everywhere. Along the road, around the paths that you take, along the riverbeds, near every camp – there are graves everywhere". Though scarred by what she had seen, Hepburn still had hope. "Taking care of children has nothing to do with politics. I think perhaps with time, instead of there being a politicisation of humanitarian aid, there will be a humanisation of politics". "Anyone who doesn't believe in miracles is not a realist. I have seen the miracle of water which UNICEF has helped to make a reality. Where for centuries young girls and women had to walk for miles to get water, now they have clean drinking water near their homes. Water is life, and clean water now means health for the children of this village". "People in these places don't know Audrey Hepburn, but they recognise the name UNICEF. When they see UNICEF their faces light up, because they know that something is happening. In the Sudan, for example, they call a water pump UNICEF".

In 1992, United States President George H. W. Bush presented her with the Presidential Medal of Freedom in recognition of her work with UNICEF, and the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences awarded her The Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award for her contribution to humanity. This was awarded posthumously, with her son accepting on her behalf.

Personal life

Romances, marriages, children and miscarriages

In 1952, Hepburn was engaged to the young James Hanson, whom she had known since her London dancing days. She called it "love at first sight"; however, after having her wedding dress fitted and the date set, she decided the marriage would not work because the demands of their careers would keep them apart most of the time. She issued a statement about her decision, saying, "When I get married, I want to be ''really'' married." In the early 1950s, she also dated future ''Hair'' producer Michael Butler. Hepburn and Gregory Peck bonded during the filming of ''Roman Holiday'' (1953) and there were rumours that they were romantically involved; both denied it. Hepburn, however, added, "Actually, you have to be a little bit in love with your leading man and vice versa. If you're going to portray love, you have to feel it. You can't do it any other way. But you don't carry it beyond the set." They did however become lifelong friends. During the filming of ''Sabrina'' (1954), Hepburn and the already-married William Holden became romantically involved. She hoped to marry him and have children, but she broke off the relationship when Holden revealed that he had undergone a vasectomy. Although a common perception that Bogart and Hepburn (both starred in ''Sabrina'' together) did not get along, Hepburn commented that, "Sometimes it's the so-called 'tough guys' that are the most tender hearted, as Bogey was with me."

At a cocktail party hosted by Gregory Peck, Hepburn met American actor Mel Ferrer. Ferrer recalled that, "We began talking about theatre; she knew all about the La Jolla Playhouse Summer Theatre, where Greg Peck and I had been co-producing plays. She also said she'd seen me three times in the movie ''Lili''. Finally, she said she'd like to do a play with me, and she asked me to send her a likely play if I found one." Ferrer, vying for Hepburn to take the title role, sent her the script for the play ''Ondine''. She agreed and rehearsals started in January 1954. Eight months later, on 24 September 1954, after meeting, working together and falling in love, the pair were married while preparing to star together in the film ''War and Peace'' (1955). Before having their only son, Hepburn had two miscarriages in March 1955 and in 1959. The latter occurred when filming ''The Unforgiven'' (1960) where breaking her back after falling off a horse and onto a rock resulted in hospital stay and miscarriage induced by physical and mental stress. Hepburn, therefore, took a year off work in order to successfully have a child. Sean Hepburn Ferrer, their son, whose godfather was the novelist A. J. Cronin who resided near Hepburn in Lucerne, was born on 17 July 1960. Despite the insistence from gossip columns that the marriage would not last, Hepburn claimed that she and her husband were inseparable and very happy together yet admitting that he had a bad temper. Ferrer was rumoured to be too controlling of Hepburn and had been referred to by others as being her Svengali – an accusation that Hepburn laughed off. William Holden was quoted as saying, "I think Audrey allows Mel to think he influences her". Despite their marriage of 14 years, the pair lasted until 5 December 1968, separated and divorced. Their son believed that Hepburn had stayed in the marriage too long. In June 2008, Mel Ferrer died of heart failure at the age of ninety.

She met Italian psychiatrist Andrea Dotti on a cruise and fell in love with him on a trip to Greek ruins. She believed she would have more children, and possibly stop working. She married him on 18 January 1969 and aged 40, she gave birth to their son Luca Dotti on 8 February 1970. When pregnant with Luca in 1969, Hepburn was more careful, resting for months and passing the time by painting before delivering him by caesarean section. Hepburn had her final miscarriage in 1974. although Dotti loved Hepburn and was well liked by Sean, who called him "fun", he began having affairs with younger women. The marriage lasted thirteen years and ended in 1982 when Hepburn felt Luca and Sean were old enough to handle life with a single mother. Although Hepburn broke off all contact with Ferrer (she only spoke to him twice more in the remainder of her life), she remained in touch with Dotti for the benefit of Luca. In October 2007, Andrea Dotti died from complications of a colonoscopy.

From 1980 until her death, Hepburn lived and was romantically involved with Dutch actor Robert Wolders who was the widower of actress Merle Oberon. She had met Wolders through a friend, in the later stage of her marriage to Dotti. After Hepburn's divorce from Dotti was final, Wolders and she started their lives together, although they never married. In 1989, she called the nine years she had spent him the happiest years of her life. "Took me long enough," she said in an interview with American journalist Barbara Walters. Walters then asked why they never married; Hepburn replied that they were married, just not formally.

Pets

While resting at home from her first miscarriage, Mel Ferrer brought her the fawn from the movie ''Green Mansions'' to keep as a pet. They called him Ip (short for Pippin). Hepburn had several pets, including a Yorkshire Terrier named Mr. Famous, who was hit by a car and killed. To cheer her up, Mel Ferrer got her another Yorkshire named Assam of Assam. She also kept Ip; they made a bed for him out of a bathtub. Her son Sean also had a Cocker Spaniel named Cokey. When Hepburn was older, she had two Jack Russell Terriers.

Miscellaneous

One year after Marilyn Monroe sang "Happy Birthday, Mr. President" to President John F. Kennedy, Hepburn, the President's favourite actress, sang "Happy Birthday, Dear Jack" to him, on what turned out to be his final birthday (29 May 1963). Hepburn is associated with the poem "Time-Tested Beauty Tips" (although the author is humourist Sam Levenson), which she used to recite to her sons. The poem includes verses such as, "For beautiful hair, let a child run his fingers through it once a day", and, "For a slim figure, share your food with the hungry".

Death

Upon return from Somalia to Switzerland in the autumn of 1992, Hepburn began suffering from abdominal pains. She went to specialists and received inconclusive results, so decided to have herself examined while on a trip to Los Angeles, California in October. On 1 November, Hepburn checked in at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center with her family. Doctors performed a laparoscopy and discovered abdominal cancer that had spread from her appendix, a very rare form of cancer belonging to a group of cancers known as pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP). Having grown slowly over several years, the cancer had metastasised, not as a tumour, but as a thin coating over her small intestine. After performing surgery, the doctors put Hepburn through 5-fluorouracil Leucovorin chemotherapy. A few days later, she had an obstruction and medication was not enough to dull the pain. She underwent further surgery on 1 December. After one hour, the surgeon decided that the cancer had spread too far to be removed fully.

After coming to terms with the gravity of Hepburn's illness, her family decided to return home to Switzerland in order to celebrate her last Christmas. Because Hepburn was unable to fly on commercial aircraft, Hubert de Givenchy arranged for Rachel Lambert "Bunny" Mellon to send her private Gulfstream jet, filled with flowers, to take Hepburn from Los Angeles to Geneva. Hepburn died in her sleep of appendiceal cancer, on the evening of 20 January 1993, at her home in Tolochenaz, Vaud, Switzerland. After her death, Gregory Peck went on camera and tearfully recited her favourite poem, "Unending Love" by Rabindranath Tagore.

Funeral services were held at the village church of Tolochenaz, Switzerland, on 24 January 1993. Maurice Eindiguer, the same pastor who wed Hepburn and Mel Ferrer and baptised her son Sean in 1960, presided over her funeral while Prince Sadruddin Aga Khan, of UNICEF, delivered a eulogy. Many family members and friends attended the funeral, including her sons, partner Robert Wolders, brother Ian Quarles von Ufford, ex-husbands Andrea Dotti and Mel Ferrer, Hubert de Givenchy, executives of UNICEF, and fellow actors Alain Delon and Roger Moore. The same day as her funeral, Hepburn was interred at the Tolochenaz Cemetery, a small cemetery that sits atop a hill overlooking the village.

Legacy

Hepburn's legacy as an actress and a personality has endured long after her death. The American Film Institute named Hepburn third among the Greatest Female Stars of All Time. Even in her last years, she remained a visible presence in the film world. She received a tribute from the Film Society of Lincoln Center in 1991 and was a frequent presenter at the Academy Awards. She was the recipient of four posthumous awards including the 1993 Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award and competitive Grammy and Emmy Awards. She has been the subject of many biographies since her death and the 2000 dramatisation of her life titled ''The Audrey Hepburn Story'' which starred Jennifer Love Hewitt and Emmy Rossum as the older and younger Hepburn respectively. The film concludes with footage of the real Audrey Hepburn, shot during one of her final missions for UNICEF.

Hepburn's image is widely used in advertising campaigns across the world. In Japan, a series of commercials used colourised and digitally enhanced clips of Hepburn in ''Roman Holiday'' to advertise Kirin black tea. In the United States, Hepburn was featured in a Gap commercial which ran from 7 September 2006, to 5 October 2006. It used clips of her dancing from ''Funny Face'', set to AC/DC's "Back in Black", with the tagline "It's Back – The Skinny Black Pant". To celebrate its "Keep it Simple" campaign, the Gap made a sizeable donation to the Audrey Hepburn Children's Fund.

Hepburn has been considered a gay icon.

Style

Hepburn's stardom created her status as a fashion icon, exercising fashion both in her lifetime while continuing to influence fashion today. She appeared on the covers of ''Vogue'' and ''Harper's Bazaar''. Her style was partially the result of the meeting with the couturier Hubert de Givenchy during the filming of ''Sabrina'' in 1954 who designed her dresses for the film. Givenchy remained Hepburn's friend and ambassador, and she his muse throughout her life. He was always amazed that, even after many years of collaboration: "Her measurements have not changed an inch in thirty-five years." To which Audrey replied, "I have many things in common with Hubert. We like the same things." She agreed to model again, on occasions, to present the creations of her friend. In 1988, when he presented his summer collection in Paris, she said, "Wherever I am in the world, he is still there. For a bouquet, a telegram [...] he is a man who does not disperse into worldliness. He has time for those he loves." The designer drew her outfits for many films and subsequently created a perfume for her titled L'Interdit (French for "The Forbidden"). The films in which he dressed Hepburn include ''Funny Face'', ''Love in the Afternoon'', ''Breakfast at Tiffany's'', ''Paris When It Sizzles'', ''Charade'' and ''How to Steal a Million''. In the latter, actor Peter O'Toole tells Hepburn's character to "give Givenchy the night off", persuading her to dress as a cleaning lady. It would appear, from the chic cleaning lady's costume that she wears, that she did not take his advice. Hepburn later revealed that, "[Givenchy] gave me a look, a kind, a silhouette." She furthered, "He has always been the best and he stayed the best. Because he kept the spare style that I love. What is more beautiful than a simple sheath made an extraordinary way in a special fabric, and just two earrings?"

Fashion experts have said that Hepburn's longevity as a style icon was because she stuck with a look that suited her – "clean lines, simple yet bold accessories, minimalist palette." Voted the "most beautiful woman of all time" in a poll of beauty experts by Evian, Hepburn's fashion styles continue to be popular among women today. Contrary to her image, although Hepburn did enjoy fashion, she did not place much importance on it; she preferred casual and comfortable clothes. In addition, she never considered herself to be attractive. She stated in a 1959 interview, "you can even say that I hated myself at certain periods. I was too fat, or maybe too tall, or maybe just plain too ugly... you can say my definiteness stems from underlying feelings of insecurity and inferiority. I couldn't conquer these feelings by acting indecisive. I found the only way to get the better of them was by adopting a forceful, concentrated drive."

The "little black dress" from ''Breakfast at Tiffany's'', designed by Givenchy, was sold at a Christie's auction on 5 December 2006 for £467,200 (approximately $920,000), almost seven times its £70,000 pre-sale estimate. This is the highest price paid for a dress from a film. The proceeds went to the City of Joy Aid charity to aid underprivileged children in India. The head of the charity said, "there are tears in my eyes. I am absolutely dumbfounded to believe that a piece of cloth which belonged to such a magical actress will now enable me to buy bricks and cement to put the most destitute children in the world into schools". However, the dress auctioned by Christie's was not the one that Hepburn wore in the film. Of the two dresses that Hepburn did wear, one is held in the Givenchy archives while the other is displayed in the Museum of Costume in Madrid. A subsequent London auction of Hepburn's film wardrobe in December 2009 raised £270,200 ($437,000), including £60,000 for the black Chantilly lace cocktail gown from ''How to Steal a Million''. Half the proceeds were donated to All Children in School, a joint venture of The Audrey Hepburn Children's Fund and UNICEF.

Credits

Awards

See also

List of persons who have won Academy, Emmy, Grammy, and Tony Awards

Little black Givenchy dress of Audrey Hepburn (''Breakfast at Tiffany's'', 1961)

White floral Givenchy dress of Audrey Hepburn (Academy Awards, 1954)

References

Further reading

External links

of Hepburn (and the Audrey Hepburn Children's Fund)

Category:1929 births Category:1993 deaths Category:20th-century actors Category:Academy Honorary Award recipients Category:Anti-poverty advocates Category:BAFTA winners (people) Category:Best Actress Academy Award winners Category:Best Drama Actress Golden Globe (film) winners Category:British expatriates in Switzerland Category:Cancer deaths in Switzerland Category:Deaths from colorectal cancer Category:Dutch nobility Category:Emmy Award winners Category:English expatriates in the United States Category:English film actors Category:English humanitarians Category:English musical theatre actors Category:English people of Dutch descent Category:English people of Irish descent Category:English stage actors Category:Grammy Award winners Category:Barons of Heemstra Category:Miscarriage victims Category:People from Arnhem Category:People from Brussels Category:Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients Category:Tony Award winners Category:UNICEF people

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name	Cary Grant
birth name	Archibald Alexander Leach
birth date	January 18, 1904
birth place	Bristol, England, United Kingdom
death date	November 29, 1986
death place	Davenport, Iowa, United States
other names	Archie Leach
occupation	Actor
years active	1932–66
spouse	Virginia Cherrill (1934–1935)Barbara Hutton (1942–1945)Betsy Drake (1949–1962)Dyan Cannon (1965–1967)Barbara Harris (1981–1986)
partner	Maureen Donaldson (1973–1977)
children	Jennifer Grant, born on February 26, 1966
relations	Cary Benjamin Grant, born on August 12, 2008
Awards	Academy Honorary Award1970 For his unique mastery of the art of screen acting with the respect and affection of his colleagues. }}

Archibald Alexander Leach (January 18, 1904 – November 29, 1986), better known by his stage name Cary Grant, was an English actor who later took U.S. citizenship. Known for his transatlantic accent, debonair demeanor and "dashing good looks", Grant is considered one of classic Hollywood's definitive leading men.

He was named the second Greatest Male Star of All Time by the American Film Institute. Noted for his dramatic roles as well as screwball comedy, Grant's best-known films include ''Bringing Up Baby'' (1938), ''Gunga Din'' (1939), ''The Philadelphia Story'' (1940), ''Penny Serenade'' (1941), ''Arsenic and Old Lace'' (1944), ''None but the Lonely Heart'' (1944), ''Notorious'' (1946), ''To Catch A Thief'' (1955), ''An Affair to Remember'' (1957), and ''North by Northwest'' (1959).

Nominated twice for the Academy Award for Best Actor and five times for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor, Grant was continually passed over, and in 1970 was given an Honorary Oscar at the 42nd Academy Awards. Frank Sinatra presented Grant with the award, "for his unique mastery of the art of screen acting with the respect and affection of his colleagues".

Early life and career

Archibald Alexander Leach was born in Horfield, Bristol, to Elsie Maria Kingdon (1877–1973) and Elias James Leach (1873–1935). An only child, Leach had an unhappy upbringing, attending Bishop Road Primary School. His mother had suffered from depression since the death of a previous child. Her husband placed her in a mental institution, and told his nine-year-old son only that she had gone away on a "long holiday"; it was not until he was 31 that Grant discovered her alive, in an institutionalized care facility.

He was expelled from the Fairfield Grammar School in Bristol in 1918. After joining the "Bob Pender stage troupe", Leach performed as a stilt walker and travelled with the group to the United States in 1920 at the age of 16, on a two-year tour of the country. He was processed at Ellis Island on July 28, 1920. When the troupe returned to the UK, he decided to stay in the U.S. and continue his stage career. During this time, he became a part of the vaudeville world and toured with Parker, Rand and Leach. Still using his birth name, he performed on the stage at The Muny in St. Louis, Missouri, in such shows as ''Irene'' (1931); ''Music in May'' (1931); ''Nina Rosa'' (1931); ''Rio Rita'' (1931); ''Street Singer'' (1931); ''The Three Musketeers'' (1931); and ''Wonderful Night'' (1931). Leach's experience on stage as a stilt walker, acrobat, juggler, and mime taught him "phenomenal physical grace and exquisite comic timing" and the value of teamwork, skills which would benefit him in Hollywood.

Hollywood stardom

After the light Broadway comedies, Grant went to Hollywood in 1931. When told to change his name, he proposed "Cary Lockwood," his character's name in a recent play called ''Nikki'', based upon the recent film ''The Last Flight''. He signed with Paramount Pictures, but while studio bosses were impressed with him, they were less than impressed with his adopted stage name. They decided that the name Cary was acceptable, but Lockwood had to go due to a similarity with another actor's name. It was after browsing through a list of the studio's preferred surnames that "Cary Grant" was born. Grant chose the name because the initials C and G had already proved lucky for Clark Gable and Gary Cooper, two of Hollywood's biggest movie stars. Already having appeared as leading man opposite Marlene Dietrich in ''Blonde Venus'' (1932), his stardom was given a further boost by Mae West when she chose him for her leading man in two of her most successful films, ''She Done Him Wrong'' and ''I'm No Angel'' (both 1933). ''I'm No Angel'' was a tremendous financial success and, along with ''She Done Him Wrong'', which was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Picture, saved Paramount from bankruptcy. Paramount put Grant in a series of unsuccessful films until 1936, when he signed with Columbia Pictures. His first major comedy hit was when he was loaned to Hal Roach's studio for the 1937 ''Topper'' (which was distributed by MGM).

Under the tutelage of director Leo McCarey, his role in ''The Awful Truth'' (1937) with Irene Dunne was the pivotal film in the establishment of Grant's screen persona; as he later wrote, "I pretended to be somebody I wanted to be and I finally became that person. Or he became me. Or we met at some point." Grant's sophisticated light comedy persona first evident in ''The Awful Truth'' was largely concocted by McCarey, with Grant also copying many of McCarey's mannerisms. Along with the similarity in their names, McCarey and Cary Grant shared a close physical resemblance, making mimicking McCarey's intonations and expressions even easier for Grant. As writer/director Peter Bogdanovich notes, "After ''The Awful Truth'', when it came to light comedy, there was Cary Grant and then everyone else was an also-ran."

''The Awful Truth'' began "what would be the most spectacular run ever for an actor in American pictures"; during the next four years, Grant made the screwball comedy ''Bringing Up Baby'' and the romantic comedy ''Holiday'' (1938) with Katharine Hepburn; the adventures ''Gunga Din'' and ''Only Angels Have Wings'' (1939); ''His Girl Friday'' (1940) with Rosalind Russell; ''The Philadelphia Story'' (1940), with Hepburn and James Stewart; ''My Favorite Wife'' (1940) and ''Penny Serenade'' (1941) with Irene Dunne; and ''Suspicion'' (1941), the first of four with Alfred Hitchcock.

Grant remained one of Hollywood's top box-office attractions for almost 30 years. Howard Hawks said that Grant was "so far the best that there isn't anybody to be compared to him". David Thomson called him "the best and most important actor in the history of the cinema".

Grant was a favorite of Hitchcock, who called him "the only actor I ever loved in my whole life". Besides ''Suspicion'', Grant appeared in the Hitchcock classics ''Notorious'' (1946), ''To Catch a Thief'' (1955) and ''North by Northwest'' (1959). Biographer Patrick McGilligan wrote that, in 1965, Hitchcock asked Grant to star in ''Torn Curtain'' (1966), only to learn that Grant had decided to retire after making one more film, ''Walk, Don't Run'' (1966); Paul Newman was cast instead, opposite Julie Andrews.

In the mid-1950s, Grant formed his own production company, Granart Productions, and produced a number of movies distributed by Universal, such as ''Operation Petticoat'' (1959), ''Indiscreet'' (1958), ''That Touch of Mink'' (co-starring with Doris Day, 1962), and ''Father Goose'' (1964). In 1963, he appeared opposite Audrey Hepburn in ''Charade'' (1963). His last feature film was ''Walk, Don't Run'' with Samantha Eggar and Jim Hutton.

Grant was the first actor to "go independent" by not renewing his studio contract, effectively leaving the studio system, which almost completely controlled what an actor could or could not do. In this way, Grant was able to control every aspect of his career, at the risk of not working because no particular studio had an interest in his career long term. He decided which movies he was going to appear in, he often had personal choice of the directors and his co-stars and at times even negotiated a share of the gross, something uncommon at the time.

Grant was nominated for two Academy Awards in the 1940s, and received a special Academy Award for Lifetime Achievement in 1970. In 1981, he was accorded the Kennedy Center Honors. Never self-absorbed, Grant poked fun at himself with statements such as, "Everyone wants to be Cary Grant—even I want to be Cary Grant". After seeing a telegram from a magazine editor to his agent asking "HOW OLD CARY GRANT?", Grant reportedly responded with "OLD CARY GRANT FINE. HOW YOU?"

Retirement and death

Although Grant had retired from the screen, he remained active in other areas. In the late 1960s, he accepted a position on the board of directors at Fabergé. By all accounts this position was not honorary, as some had assumed, Grant regularly attended meetings and his mere appearance at a product launch would almost certainly guarantee its success. The position also permitted use of a private plane, which Grant could use to fly to see his daughter wherever her mother, Dyan Cannon, was working. He later joined the boards of Hollywood Park, The Academy of Magical Arts (The Magic Castle, Hollywood, CA) Western Airlines (now Delta Air Lines), and MGM.

In the last few years of his life, Grant undertook tours of the United States in a one-man show. It was called "A Conversation with Cary Grant", in which he would show clips from his films and answer audience questions. Grant was preparing for a performance at the Adler Theater in Davenport, Iowa on the afternoon of November 29, 1986 when he sustained a cerebral hemorrhage. He had previously suffered a stroke in October 1984. He died at 11:22 pm in St. Luke's Hospital at the age of 82.

In 2001 a statue of Grant was erected in Millennium Square, a regenerated area next to the harbour in his city of birth, Bristol, England.

In November 2005, Grant came in first in the "The 50 Greatest Movie Stars of All Time" list by ''Premiere Magazine''. Richard Schickel, the film critic, said about Grant: "He's the best star actor there ever was in the movies."

Personal life

Grant was married five times. He wed Virginia Cherrill on February 10, 1934. She divorced him on March 26, 1935, following charges that Grant had hit her. In 1942 he married Barbara Hutton, one of the wealthiest women in the world, and became a father figure to her son, Lance Reventlow. The couple was derisively nicknamed "Cash and Cary", although in an extensive prenuptial agreement Grant refused any financial settlement in the event of a divorce. After divorcing in 1945, they remained lifelong friends. Grant always bristled at the accusation that he married for money: "I may not have married for very sound reasons, but money was never one of them."

On December 25, 1949, Grant married Betsy Drake. He appeared with her in two films. This would prove to be his longest marriage, ending on August 14, 1962. Drake introduced Grant to LSD, and in the early 1960s he related how treatment with the hallucinogenic drug —legal at the time— at a prestigious California clinic had finally brought him inner peace after yoga, hypnotism, and mysticism had proved ineffective. (In 1932, Grant had also met the Indian spiritual teacher Meher Baba.) Grant and Drake divorced in 1962.

He eloped with Dyan Cannon on July 22, 1965, in Las Vegas. Their daughter, Jennifer Grant, was born prematurely on February 26, 1966. He frequently called her his "best production" and regretted that he had not had children sooner. The marriage was troubled from the beginning, and Cannon left him in December 1966, claiming that Grant flew into frequent rages and spanked her when she "disobeyed" him. The divorce, finalized in 1968, was bitter and public, and custody fights over their daughter went on for nearly ten years.

On April 11, 1981, Grant married long-time companion Barbara Harris, a British hotel public relations agent, who was 47 years his junior. They renewed their vows on their fifth wedding anniversary. (Fifteen years after Grant's death, Harris married former Kansas Jayhawks All-American quarterback David Jaynes in 2001.)

Some, including Hedda Hopper and screenwriter Arthur Laurents have said, that Grant was bisexual, the latter writing that Grant "told me he threw pebbles at my window one night but was luckless". Grant allegedly was involved with costume designer Orry-Kelly when he first moved to Manhattan, and lived with Randolph Scott off and on for twelve years. Richard Blackwell wrote that Grant and Scott were "deeply, madly in love", and alleged eyewitness accounts of their physical affection have been published. However, Grant did admit in an interview that his first two wives had accused him of being homosexual. Betsy Drake commented: "Why would I believe that Cary was homosexual when we were busy fucking?"

Politics

Grant did not think movie stars should publicly make political declarations. Grant described his politics and his reticence about them this way:

Throughout his life, Grant maintained personal friendships with colleagues of varying political stripes, and his few political activities seemed to be shaped by personal friendships. Repulsed by the human costs to many in Hollywood, Grant publicly condemned McCarthyism in 1953, and when his friend Charlie Chaplin, was blacklisted, Grant insisted that the actor's artistic value outweighed political concerns. Grant was also a friend of the Kennedy brothers and Robert Kennedy's press secretary Frank Mankiewicz. He hosted one of Robert Kennedy's first political fundraisers at his home. He made one of his rare statements on public issues following the assassination of Robert F. Kennedy, calling for gun control.

In 1976, after his retirement from movies, Grant made his one overtly partisan appearance, introducing his friend Betty Ford, the First Lady, at the Republican National Convention, but even in this he maintained some distance from partisanship, speaking of "your" party, rather than "ours" in his remarks.

Filmography

{|class="wikitable" |- ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Year ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Film ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Role ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Notes |- | rowspan=8|1932 | ''This Is the Night'' | Stephen | With Lili Damita, Charles Ruggles, and Thelma Todd |- | ''Sinners in the Sun'' | Ridgeway | With Carole Lombard and Chester Morris |- | ''Singapore Sue'' | First Sailor | Musical Comedy short subject |- | ''Merrily We Go to Hell'' | Charlie Baxter | UK title: ''Merrily We Go to _____'' With Sylvia Sidney and Fredric March |- | ''Devil and the Deep'' | Lieutenant Jaeckel | With Tallulah Bankhead and Gary Cooper |- | ''Blonde Venus'' | Nick Townsend | With Marlene Dietrich |- | ''Hot Saturday'' | Romer Sheffield | With Nancy Carroll and Edward Woods |- | ''Madame Butterfly'' | Lieutenant B.F. Pinkerton | With Sylvia Sidney and Charles Ruggles |- | rowspan=6|1933 | ''She Done Him Wrong'' | Capt. Cummings | With Mae West and Noah Beery, Sr. |- | ''The Woman Accused'' | Jeffrey Baxter | With Nancy Carroll |- | ''The Eagle and the Hawk'' | Henry Crocker | With Fredric March and Carole Lombard |- | ''Gambling Ship'' | Ace Corbin | With Jack La Rue and Glenda Farrell |- | ''I'm No Angel'' | Jack Clayton | With Mae West |- | ''Alice in Wonderland'' | The Mock Turtle | With W. C. Fields and Gary Cooper |- | rowspan=4|1934 | ''Thirty Day Princess'' | Porter Madison III | With Sylvia Sidney and Edward Arnold |- | ''Born to Be Bad'' | Malcolm Trevor | With Loretta Young (Heavily censored by the Hayes Office) |- | ''Kiss and Make-Up'' | Dr. Maurice Lamar | With Helen Mack and the WAMPAS Baby Stars of 1934 |- | ''Ladies Should Listen'' | Julian De Lussac | With Francis Drake and Edward Everett Horton |- | rowspan=4|1935 | ''Enter Madame'' | Gerald Fitzgerald | With top-billed Elissa Landi |- | ''Wings in the Dark'' | Ken Gordon | With Myrna Loy |- | ''The Last Outpost'' | Michael Andrews | With Claude Rains |- | ''Sylvia Scarlett'' | Jimmy Monkley | Directed by George Cukor With Katharine Hepburn |- | rowspan=4|1936 | ''Big Brown Eyes'' | Det. Sgt. Danny Barr | With Joan Bennett and Walter Pidgeon |- | ''Suzy'' | Andre | With Jean Harlow and Franchot Tone |- | ''The Amazing Quest of Ernest Bliss'' | Ernest Bliss | US title: ''Romance and Riches'' Alt title: ''The Amazing Adventure'' |- | ''Wedding Present'' | Charlie | With Joan Bennett |- | rowspan=4|1937 | ''When You're in Love'' | Jimmy Hudson | UK title: ''For You Alone'' With Grace Moore |- | ''Topper'' | George Kerby | With Constance Bennett |- | ''The Toast of New York'' | Nicholas "Nick" Boyd | With Edward Arnold and Jack Oakie |- | ''The Awful Truth'' | Jerry Warriner | Directed by Leo McCareyWith Irene DunneIntroduced the "Cary Grant persona" |- | rowspan=2|1938 | ''Bringing up Baby'' | Dr. David Huxley | Directed by Howard HawksWith Katharine Hepburn and Charles Ruggles |- | ''Holiday'' | John "Johnny" Case | Directed by George CukorWith Katharine HepburnUK title: ''Free to Live'' |- | rowspan=3|1939 | ''Gunga Din'' | Sgt. Archibald Cutter | Directed by George StevensWith Victor McLaglen and Douglas Fairbanks, Jr. |- | ''Only Angels Have Wings'' | Geoff Carter | Directed by Howard HawksWith Jean Arthur, Thomas Mitchell, and Rita Hayworth |- | ''In Name Only'' | Alec Walker | With Carole Lombard and Charles Coburn |- | rowspan=4|1940 | ''His Girl Friday'' | Walter Burns | Directed by Howard HawksRemake of ''The Front Page''With Rosalind Russell |- | ''My Favorite Wife'' | Nick | Co-written by Leo McCarey Directed by Garson KaninWith Irene Dunne and Gail Patrick |- | ''The Howards of Virginia'' | Matt Howard |UK title: ''The Tree of Liberty'' With Martha Scott |- | ''The Philadelphia Story'' | C.K. Dexter Haven | With Katharine Hepburn and James Stewart |- | rowspan=2|1941 | ''Penny Serenade'' | Roger Adams | Nominated – Academy Award for Best ActorDirected by George StevensWith Irene Dunne and Edgar Buchanan |- | ''Suspicion'' | Johnnie | Directed by Alfred HitchcockWith Joan Fontaine |- | rowspan=2|1942 | ''The Talk of the Town'' | Leopold Dilg ''aka'' Joseph | With Ronald Colman and Jean Arthur |- | ''Once Upon a Honeymoon'' | Patrick "Pat" O'Toole | Directed by Leo McCareyWith Ginger Rogers |- | rowspan=2|1943 | ''Mr. Lucky'' | Joe Adams/Joe Bascopolous | With Laraine Day and Charles Bickford |- | ''Destination Tokyo'' | Capt. Cassidy | With John Garfield and Dane Clark |- | rowspan=3|1944 | ''Once Upon a Time'' | Jerry Flynn | With Janet Blair |- | ''Arsenic and Old Lace'' | Mortimer Brewster | With Priscilla Lane and Peter Lorre |- | ''None But the Lonely Heart'' | Ernie Mott | Nominated – Academy Award for Best Actor Written and directed by Clifford OdetsWith Ethel Barrymore |- | rowspan=3|1946 | ''Without Reservations'' | Himself (cameo) | With Claudette Colbert and John Wayne |- | ''Night and Day'' | Cole Porter | Directed by Michael Curtiz |- | ''Notorious'' | T.R. Devlin |Directed by Alfred HitchcockWith Ingrid Bergman and Claude Rains |- | rowspan=2|1947 | ''The Bachelor and the Bobby-Soxer'' | Dick | UK title: ''Bachelor Knight'' With Myrna Loy and Shirley Temple |- | ''The Bishop's Wife'' | Dudley | With Loretta Young and David Niven |- | rowspan=2|1948 | ''Mr. Blandings Builds His Dream House'' | Jim Blandings | With Myrna Loy and Melvyn Douglas |- | ''Every Girl Should Be Married'' | Dr. Madison W. Brown | With Betsy Drake |- | 1949 | ''I Was a Male War Bride'' | Capt. Henri Rochard | UK title: ''You Can't Sleep Here''With Ann Sheridan |- | 1950 | ''Crisis'' | Dr. Eugene Norland Ferguson | With Jose Ferrer |- | 1951 | ''People Will Talk'' | Dr. Noah Praetorius | With Jeanne Crain |- | rowspan=2|1952 | ''Room for One More'' | George "Poppy" Rose | With Betsy Drake |- | ''Monkey Business'' | Dr. Barnaby Fulton | Directed by Howard HawksWith Ginger Rogers and Marilyn Monroe |- | 1953 | ''Dream Wife'' | Clemson Reade | With Deborah Kerr and Walter Pidgeon |- | 1955 | ''To Catch a Thief'' | John Robie |Directed by Alfred HitchcockWith Grace Kelly |- | rowspan=3|1957 | ''The Pride and the Passion'' | Anthony | With Frank Sinatra and Sophia Loren |- | ''An Affair to Remember'' | Nickie Ferrante |A same-script remake of ''Love Affair (1939 film)'', both directed by Leo McCarey With Deborah Kerr |- | ''Kiss Them for Me'' | Cmdr. Andy Crewson | Directed by Stanley DonenWith Jayne Mansfield and Suzy Parker |- | rowspan=2|1958 | ''Indiscreet'' | Philip Adams | Nominated – Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or ComedyDirected by Stanley DonenWith Ingrid Bergman |- | ''Houseboat'' | Tom Winters | With Sophia Loren |- | rowspan=2|1959 | ''North by Northwest'' | Roger O. Thornhill |Directed by Alfred Hitchcock With Eva Marie Saint, James Mason, and Martin Landau |- | ''Operation Petticoat'' | Lt. Cmdr. Matt T. Sherman | Nominated – Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or ComedyWith Dina Merrill and Arthur O'Connell |- | 1960 | ''The Grass Is Greener'' | Victor Rhyall, Earl | Nominated – Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy Directed by Stanley DonenWith Deborah Kerr, Robert Mitchum, and Jean Simmons |- | 1962 | ''That Touch of Mink'' | Philip Shayne | Nominated – Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or ComedyDirected by Delbert MannWith Doris Day and Gig Young |- | 1963 | ''Charade'' | Peter Joshua / Carson Dyle / Alexander Dyle / Adam Canfield / Brian Cruikshank | Nominated – BAFTA Award for Best Foreign ActorNominated – Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or ComedyDirected by Stanley DonenWith Audrey Hepburn, Walter Matthau, and James Coburn |- | 1964 | ''Father Goose'' | Walter Christopher Eckland | Directed by Ralph NelsonWith Leslie Caron and Trevor Howard |- | 1966 | ''Walk, Don't Run'' | Sir William Rutland | With Samantha Eggar Remake of ''The More the Merrier'' |}

References

Notes

Bibliography of cited references

Bogdanovich, Peter. ''Who the Hell's in It: Portraits and Conversations''. New York: A.A. Knopf, 2004. ISBN 0-37540-010-9.

Eliot, Marc. ''Cary Grant: The Biography''. New York: Aurum Press, 2005. ISBN 1-84513-073-1.

Higham, Charles and Roy Moseley. ''Cary Grant: The Lonely Heart''. London: Thompson Learning, 1997. ISBN 0-15115-787-1.

Johannson, Warren and William A. Percy. ''Outing: Shattering the Conspiracy of Silence.''. Kirkwood, New York: Harrington Park Press, 1994, pp. 146–147.

Kael, Pauline. "The Man from Dream City – Cary Grant" – ''The New Yorker'' – July 14, 1975 – (reprinted in: Pauline Kael: ''For Keeps – 30 Years at the Movies''. New York: Dutton, 1994.)

Laurents, Arthur. ''Original Story by: A Memoir of Broadway and Hollywood''. Milwaukee, Wisconsin: Hal Leonard Corp, 2001. ISBN 1-55783-467-9.

Mann, William J. ''Behind the Screen: How Gays and Lesbians Shaped Hollywood, 1910–1969''. New York: Viking, 2001. ISBN 0-67003-017-1.

McCann, Graham. ''Cary Grant: A Class Apart''. London: Fourth Estate, 1997. ISBN 1-85702-574-1.

McGilligan, Patrick. ''Alfred Hitchcock: A Life in Darkness and Light''. New York: Regan Books, 2003. ISBN 0-06039-322-X.

Morecambe, Gary; Sterling, Martin. ''Cary Grant: In Name Alone''. London: Robson Books, 2001. ISBN 1-86105-466-1.

Nelson, Nancy and Cary Grant. ''Evenings With Cary Grant: Recollections In His Own Words and By Those Who Loved Him Best''. Thorndike, Maine: Thorndike Press, 1992. ISBN 1-56054-342-6.

Russo, Vito. ''The Celluloid Closet: Homosexuality in the Movies'' [revised edition]. New York: Harrow & Row, 1987. ISBN 0-06096-132-5.

Wansell, Geoffrey. ''Cary Grant: Dark Angel''. London: Arcade, 1997. ISBN 1-55970-369-5.

External links

Becoming Cary Grant (in Atlantic Magazine)

Category:1904 births Category:1986 deaths Category:Academy Honorary Award recipients Category:American film actors Category:American people of English descent Category:Deaths from cerebral hemorrhage Category:Deaths from stroke Category:English film actors Category:English emigrants to the United States Category:Kennedy Center honorees Category:Naturalized citizens of the United States Category:Old Fairfieldians Category:People from Bristol Category:Stroke survivors Category:Vaudeville performers Category:20th-century actors Category:European families of English ancestry

ar:كاري غرانت an:Cary Grant bcl:Cary Grant bs:Cary Grant bg:Кари Грант ca:Cary Grant cs:Cary Grant co:Cary Grant da:Cary Grant de:Cary Grant et:Cary Grant el:Κάρι Γκραντ es:Cary Grant eo:Cary Grant eu:Cary Grant fa:کری گرانت fr:Cary Grant ga:Cary Grant gd:Cary Grant gl:Cary Grant ko:캐리 그랜트 hr:Cary Grant id:Cary Grant it:Cary Grant he:קרי גרנט sw:Cary Grant la:Cary Grant hu:Cary Grant mk:Кери Грант nl:Cary Grant ja:ケーリー・グラント no:Cary Grant pl:Cary Grant pt:Cary Grant ro:Cary Grant ru:Кэри Грант sq:Cary Grant simple:Cary Grant sr:Кери Грант sh:Cary Grant fi:Cary Grant sv:Cary Grant th:แครี แกรนต์ tr:Cary Grant uk:Кері Грант vi:Cary Grant zh:加里·格兰特

birth name	Lyova Haskell Rosenthal
birth date	October 31, 1927
birth place	New York City, New York, United States
yearsactive	1949–Present
occupation	Actress, director
spouse	Arnold Manoff (1951-1960)Joseph Feury (1962-present)
children	Tom Manoff, Dinah Manoff }}

Lee Grant (born October 31, 1927) is an American theater, film and television actress, and film director who was blacklisted by the Hollywood movie studio bosses in the 1950s. Grant won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance as Felicia Carp in the film ''Shampoo'' (1975).

Early life

Grant was born Lyova Haskell Rosenthal in New York City, the daughter of Eastern European Jewish immigrants Witia (née Haskell), a teacher, and Abraham W. Rosenthal, a realtor and educator. Her stage name, Lee Grant, is a compilation of the two leading U.S. Civil War generals, though she has confessed that a lifelong crush on Cary Grant played a part in the selection. Grant performed as a ballerina with the New York Metropolitan Opera at the age of four, and during her childhood studied dance and acting.

Career

Grant studied acting at NYC's prestigious Neighborhood Playhouse under the guidance of famed acting coach Sanford Meisner before establishing herself as a dramatic actress on Broadway at age 21, earning praise for her role as a shoplifter in the play ''Detective Story'' which began its run on March 23, 1949. She made her film debut in the movie version of ''Detective Story'', receiving her first Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress nomination, and winning the Best Actress Award at the Cannes Film Festival. Called before the House Committee on Un-American Activities to testify against her husband, the playwright Arnold Manoff, father of her daughter, actress Dinah Manoff, Grant refused to testify and was ultimately blacklisted. She continued to work in theater and resumed her film career in the early 1960s, appearing in the television series ''Peyton Place'' as the evil Stella Chernak. She won an Emmy Award for Outstanding Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role in a Drama for that role. Among her other notable roles was her performance in the critically acclaimed ''The Balcony''.

Grant received subsequent Academy Award nominations for ''The Landlord'' (1970), and ''Voyage of the Damned'' (1976). She won an Oscar for ''Shampoo'' (1975). She has directed several documentary films, including ''Down and Out in America'' (1986) which won the Academy Award for Documentary Feature. In recent years she directed a series of ''Intimate Portrait'' episodes (for Lifetime Television) that celebrated a diverse range of accomplished women.

Grant appeared as a cunning lawyer/murderess on an episode of ''Columbo,'' for which she was nominated for an Emmy as Outstanding Lead Actress - Miniseries or a Movie. Competing against herself, she received the award for her other Emmy-nominated performance in ''The Neon Ceiling''. She had her own sitcom, Fay, which was canceled after only eight episodes.

Grant also guest starred on ''Empty Nest'', in which Dinah Manoff was one of the lead actors.

In 1988, she was awarded the Women in Film Crystal Award for outstanding women who, through their endurance and the excellence of their work, have helped to expand the role of women within the entertainment industry.

Filmography

As actress

{|class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;" border="2" cellpadding="4" background: #f9f9f9; |- align="center" ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Year ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Film ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Role ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Notes |- |1951 | ''Detective Story'' | Shoplifter |Nominated - Academy Award for Best Actress in a Supporting RoleNominated - Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture Cannes Film Festival - Best Actress |- |1955 | ''Storm Fear'' | Edna | |- |rowspan=2|1959 | ''Middle of the Night'' | Marilyn | |- | ''The Blue Angel'' | uncredited | |- |rowspan=2|1963 | ''The Balcony'' | Carmen | |- | ''An Affair of the Skin'' | Katherine McCleod | |- |rowspan=2|1964 | ''Pie in the Sky'' | Suzy |aka ''Terror In the City'' |- | ''Taps For A Dead War'' | Millie Hallop | The Fugitive |- |1965 -1966 |''Peyton Place'' |Stella Chernak |appeared in 71 episodes (1965–1966); Emmy for Outstanding Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role in a Drama (1966) |- |rowspan=3|1967 | ''Divorce American Style'' | Dede Murphy | |- | ''In the Heat of the Night'' | Mrs. Leslie Colbert |Nominated - Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture |- | ''Valley of the Dolls'' | Miriam | |- |1968 | ''Buona Sera, Mrs. Campbell'' | Fritzie Braddock | |- |rowspan=2|1969 | ''The Big Bounce'' | Joanne | |- | ''Marooned'' | Celia Pruett | |- |rowspan=2|1970 | ''The Landlord'' | Joyce Enders |Nominated - Academy Award for Best Actress in a Supporting RoleNominated - Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture |- | ''There Was a Crooked Man...'' | Mrs. Bullard | |- |rowspan=3|1971 | ''Ransom for a Dead Man'' | Leslie Williams | Columbo; Emmy nomination for Outstanding Single Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role |- | ''The Last Generation'' | | archive footage |- | ''Plaza Suite'' | Norma Hubley | |- |1972 | ''Portnoy's Complaint'' | Sophie Portnoy | |- |1974 | ''The Internecine Project'' | Jean Robertson | |- |1975 | ''Shampoo'' | Felicia | Academy Award for Best Supporting ActressNominated - Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture |- |1976 | ''Voyage of the Damned'' | Lillian Rosen |Nominated - Academy Award for Best Actress in a Supporting RoleNominated - Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture |- |rowspan=2|1977 | ''Airport '77'' | Karen Wallace | |- | ''The Spell'' | Marilyn Matchett | |- |rowspan=3|1978 | ''Damien: Omen II'' | Ann Thorn | |- | ''The Swarm'' | Anne MacGregor | |- | ''The Mafu Cage'' | Ellen | |- |1979 | ''When You Comin' Back, Red Ryder?'' | Clarisse Ethridge | |- |1980 | ''Little Miss Marker'' | The Judge | |- |1981 | ''Charlie Chan and the Curse of the Dragon Queen'' | Mrs. Lupowitz | |- |1982 | ''Visiting Hours'' | Deborah Ballin | |- |rowspan=3|1984 | ''Billions for Boris'' | Sascha Harris | |- | ''Constance'' | Mrs. Barr | |- | ''Teachers'' | Dr. Donna Burke | |- |1985 | ''Sanford Meisner: The American Theatre's Best Kept Secret'' | Herself | documentary |- |1987 | ''The Big Town'' | Ferguson Edwards | |- |1991 | ''Defending Your Life'' | Lena Foster | |- |rowspan=3|1992 | ''Something to Live for: The Alison Gertz Story'' | Carol Gertz | TV |- | ''Earth and the American Dream'' | Narrator | documentary |- |''Citizen Cohn'' |Dora Marcus Cohn |TV |- |rowspan=3|1996 | ''It's My Party'' | Amalia Stark | |- | ''The Substance of Fire'' | Cora Cahn | |- | ''Under Heat'' | Jane | |- |1998 | ''Poor Liza'' | |- |rowspan=2|2000 | ''Dr. T & the Women'' | Dr. Harper | |- | ''The Amati Girls'' | Aunt Spendora | |- |2001 | ''Mulholland Drive'' | Louise Bonner | |- |rowspan=2|2005 | ''The Needs of Kim Stanley'' | Herself | documentary |- | ''Going Shopping'' | Winnie | |- |}

As director

{|class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;" border="2" cellpadding="4" background: #f9f9f9; |- align="center" ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Year ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Production ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Notes |- | 1975 | For the Use of the Hall | TV |- | 1976 | ''The Stronger'' | short subject |- |1980 | ''Tell Me a Riddle'' | |- |1981 | ''The Willmar 8'' | documentary |- |1984 | ''A Matter of Sex'' | TV |- |rowspan=2|1985 | ''What Sex Am I?'' | documentary |- | ''ABC Afterschool Special'' | Cindy Eller: A Modern Fairy Tale (TV episode) |- |rowspan=2|1986 | ''Nobody's Child'' | TV - Won - DGA Award |- | ''Down and Out in America'' | documentary (also narrator) |- |rowspan=2|1989 | ''Staying Together'' | |- | ''No Place Like Home'' | TV |- |rowspan=4|1994 | ''When Women Kill'' | documentary |- | ''Seasons of the Heart'' | TV |- | ''Following Her Heart'' | TV |- | ''Reunion'' | TV |- |1997 | ''Say It, Fight It, Cure It'' | TV |- |1999 | ''Confronting the Crisis: Childcare in America'' | TV |- |rowspan=2|2000 | ''American Masters'' | ''Sidney Poitier: One Bright Light'' |- | ''The Loretta Claiborne Story'' | TV |- |2001 | ''The Gun Deadlock'' | TV |- |2004 | ''Biography'' | Melanie Griffith |- |2000–2004 | ''Intimate Portrait'' | 43 episodes |- |2005 | ''... A Father... A Son... Once Upon a Time in Hollywood'' | TV |- |}

References

External links

Category:1927 births Category:Actors from New York City Category:American film actors Category:American film directors Category:American Jews Category:American stage actors Category:American television actors Category:American television directors Category:Best Supporting Actress Academy Award winners Category:Emmy Award winners Category:American people of Russian-Jewish descent Category:Female film directors Category:Female television directors Category:Hollywood blacklist Category:Jewish actors Category:Living people Category:People from New York City

de:Lee Grant (Schauspielerin) es:Lee Grant fr:Lee Grant id:Lee Grant it:Lee Grant he:לי גרנט nl:Lee Grant ja:リー・グラント no:Lee Grant (skuespiller) pl:Lee Grant pt:Lee Grant ro:Lee Grant ru:Ли Грант sh:Lee Grant fi:Lee Grant sv:Lee Grant tl:Lee Grant th:ลี แกรนต์ yo:Lee Grant

name	Gig Young
birth date	November 04, 1913
birth place	St. Cloud, Minnesota
death date	October 19, 1978
death place	New York City, New York
birth name	Byron Elsworth Barr
occupation	actor
yearsactive	1940 - 1978
spouse	Sheila Stapler (1940-1947)Sophie Rosenstein (1950-1952)Elizabeth Montgomery (1956-1963)Elaine Williams (1963-1966)Kim Schmidt (1978) }}

Gig Young (November 4, 1913 – October 19, 1978) was an American film, stage, and television actor.

Early life and career

Born Byron Elsworth Barr in St. Cloud, Minnesota, his parents John and Emma Barr raised him and his older siblings in Washington D.C. He developed a passion for the theatre while appearing in high school plays, and after some amateur experience he applied for and received a scholarship to the acclaimed Pasadena Community Playhouse. While acting in ''Pancho'', a south-of-the-border play by Lowell Barrington, he and the leading actor in the play, George Reeves, were spotted by a Warner Brothers talent scout. Both actors were signed to supporting player contracts with the studio. His early work was uncredited or as Byron Barr (not to be confused with another actor with the same name, Byron Barr), but after appearing in the 1942 film ''The Gay Sisters'' as a character named "Gig Young", the studio decided he should adopt this name professionally.

Young appeared in supporting roles in numerous films during the 1940s, and came to be regarded as a popular and likable second lead, playing the brothers or friends of the principal characters. Young took a hiatus from his movie career and enlisted in the United States Coast Guard in 1941 where he served as a pharmacist's mate in the US Coast Guard until the end of World War II. After Young's return from the war, Warner Bros. dropped his option. He then began freelancing at various studios, eventually obtaining a contract with Columbia Pictures before returning to freelancing. During those years, Young began to play the type of role that he would become best known for, a sardonic but engaging and affable drunk. His dramatic work as an alcoholic in the 1951 film ''Come Fill the Cup'' and his comedic role as a tipsy but ultimately charming intellectual in ''Teacher's Pet'' earned him nominations for Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor.

Success and decline

In 1955, Young became the host of ''Warner Bros. Presents'', an umbrella title for three television series (''Casablanca'', ''King's Row'', and ''Cheyenne'') that aired during the 1955-56 season on ABC Television. Later, he starred on the 1964-65 NBC series ''The Rogues'', sharing appearances on a rotating basis with David Niven and Charles Boyer in the Four Star Television production.

Young won the Academy Award for his role as Rocky, the dance marathon emcee and promoter in the 1969 film ''They Shoot Horses, Don't They?'' According to his fourth wife, Elaine Williams, "What he was aching for, as he walked up to collect his Oscar, was a role in his own movie—one that they could finally call 'a Gig Young movie.' For Young, the Oscar was literally the kiss of death, the end of the line". Young himself had said to Louella Parsons, after failing to win in 1951, "so many people who have been nominated for an Oscar have had bad luck afterwards."

Young also is remembered by many James Dean fans for the "driving safety" interview made shortly before Dean's death in September, 1955. (The interview can be seen on ''YouTube'' by searching for "James Dean driving safety")

Alcoholism plagued his later years, causing him to lose acting roles. He was fired on the first day of shooting the comedy film ''Blazing Saddles'' after collapsing on the set due to withdrawals from alcohol. Young's last role was in the 1978 film ''Game of Death'' (1979), a film released nearly six years after the film's star, Bruce Lee, died in 1973.

Personal life

Young was married five times; his first marriage to Sheila Stapler lasted seven years, ending in 1947. In 1950, he married Sophie Rosenstein, the resident drama coach at Paramount, who was several years Young's senior. She was soon diagnosed with cancer, and died just short of two years after the couple's wedding. After her death, Young was engaged to actress Elaine Stritch.

He met actress Elizabeth Montgomery after she appeared in an episode of ''Warner Bros. Presents'' in 1956, and the two married later that year. In 1963, Montgomery divorced Young because of his alcoholism.

Young married his fourth wife, real estate agent Elaine Williams, nine months after his divorce from Montgomery was final. Williams was pregnant with Young's child at the time and gave birth to his only child, Jennifer, in April 1964. After three years of marriage, the couple divorced. During a legal battle over child support with Williams, Young denied that Jennifer was his biological child. After five years of court battles, Young lost his case.

On September 27, 1978, Young married his fifth wife, a 21-year-old German woman named Kim Schmidt. He met Schmidt in 1977 on the set of the Clive Donner TV movie "Spectre", in which she played a police officer.

Death

On October 19, 1978, three weeks after his marriage to Schmidt, the couple were found dead at home in their Manhattan apartment. Police theorized that Young shot his wife and then turned the gun on himself in a murder-suicide. No motive for the murder-suicide was ever made clear.

He was buried in the Green Hill Cemetery in Waynesville, North Carolina. Young's will, which covered a $200,000 estate, left his Academy Award to his agent, Martin Baum and Baum's wife, Bernice.

For his contribution to the television industry, Young has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6821 Hollywood Boulevard.

Filmography

Film
! Year	! Title	! Role	! Notes
1940	''Misbehaving Husbands''	Floor Walker	Credited as Byron Barr
	''Here Comes the Cavalry''	Trooper Rollins	Credited as Byron Barr
''Sergeant York''	Marching soldier	Uncredited
''Dive Bomber''	Pilot Abbott	Uncredited
''Navy Blues''	Sailor in storeroom	Uncredited
''One Foot in Heaven''	First Groom Asking for Dog License	Uncredited
	Jim Allen	Credited as Byron Barr
''You're in the Army Now''	Soldier	Uncredited
''They Died with Their Boots On''	Lt. Roberts	Uncredited
	''The Man Who Came to Dinner''	Bit part	Uncredited
''Captains of the Clouds''	Student pilot	Credited as Byron Barr
''The Male Animal''	Student	Uncredited
''The Mad Martindales''	Peter Varney	Credited as Byron Barr
''The Gay Sisters''	Gig Young	Credited as Byron Barr (credited as Gig Young in later re-releases)
		Co-Pilot
''Old Acquaintance''	Rudd Kendall
1947		Caryl Dubrok
		Walter Hartright
''Wake of the Red Witch''	Samuel 'Sam' Rosen
	Porthos
	''Lust for Gold''	Pete Thomas
''Tell It to the Judge''	Alexander Darvac
	''Tarnished''	Joe Pettigrew
''Hunt the Man Down''	Paul Bennett
''Target Unknown''	Capt. Reiner
	''Only the Valiant''	Lt. William Holloway
''Slaughter Trail''	Ike Vaughn aka Murray
''Come Fill the Cup''	Boyd Copeland	Nominated: Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor
''Too Young to Kiss''	John Tirsen
	''Holiday for Sinners''	Jason Kent
''You For Me''	Dr. Jeff Chadwick
	''The Girl Who Had Everything''	Vance Court
	Hob Danvers
''City That Never Sleeps''	Johnny Kelly
	Cliff Willard
1954		Alex Burke
1955		Chuck Wright
1957	''Desk Set''	Mike Cutler
		Dr. Hugo Pine	Nominated: Academy Award for Best Supporting ActorNominated: Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor - Motion Picture
''The Tunnel of Love''	Dick Pepper
		Evan Doughton
	Larry Ellis
	''That Touch of Mink''	Roger
''Kid Galahad''	Willy Grogan
''Five Miles to Midnight''	David Barnes
		'Sonny' John Dayton Smith
''A Ticklish Affair''	Key Weedon
1965		Richard Bramwell
1967	''The Shuttered Room''	Mike Kelton
1969		Rocky	Academy Award for Best Supporting ActorGolden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor - Motion PictureNominated: BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role
1970	''Lovers and Other Strangers''	Hal Henderson
1973	''A Son-in-Law for Charlie McReady''	Charlie McReady
	''Deborah''
''Bring Me the Head of Alfredo Garcia''	Quill
	''Michele''
''The Killer Elite''	Lawrence Weyburn
	Edward Douglas
1978	''Game of Death''	Jim Marshall
Television
! Year	! Title	! Role	! Notes
1950	''The Silver Theater''		Episode: "Lady with Ideas"
	''Pulitzer Prize Playhouse''		Episode: "Ned McCobb's Daughter"
''The Bigelow Theatre''		Episode: "Lady with Ideas"
	''Robert Montgomery Presents''		Episode: "The Sunday Punch"
''Schlitz Playhouse of Stars''		Episode: "Part of the Game"
	''Producers' Showcase''	Simon Gayforth	Episode: "Tonight at 8:30", Segment "Shadow Play"
''Lux Video Theatre''		Episode: "Captive City"
1955–1956		Host	36 episodes
1956	''The United States Steel Hour''	Dave Corman	Episode: "Sauce for the Goose"
	''Climax!''	Edgar Holt	Episode: "Jacob and the Angels"
	Philip Adams/Alan Fredericks	Episode: "A Dead Ringer"
1958		Herman Worth	Episode: "The Spy"
		Martin Sloan	Episode: "Walking Distance"
''The Philadelphia Story''	C.K. Dexter Haven	Television movie
	''Ninotchka''	Leon Dolga	Television movie
''Shirley Temple's Storybook''	Miles Hendon	Episode: "The Prince and the Pauper"
1961	''The Spiral Staircase''	Stephen Warren	Television movie
1962		Duke Marsden	Episode: "A Piece of the Action"
1963	''Kraft Suspense Theatre''	Hugo Myrich	Episode: "The End of the World, Baby"
1964–1965	''The Rogues''	Tony Fleming	5 episodes
1965	''The Andy Williams Show''	Himself	1 episode
1968	''Companions in Nightmare''	Eric Nicholson	Television movie
1971	''The Neon Ceiling''	Jones
1974	''The Great Ice Rip-Off''	Harkey Rollins	Television movie
1975	''The Turning Point of Jim Malloy''	Ray Whitehead	Television movie
		Jack Haferman	Episode: "The Day New York Turned Blue"
''Sherlock Holmes in New York''	Mortimer McGrew	Television movie
''Gibbsville''	Ray Whitehead	7 episodes
1977		Dr. Ham Hamilton	Television movie

Awards and nominations

Year	Award	Result	Category	Film
1952			rowspan=3	''Come Fill the Cup''
1959
1970	Won
1971		Nominated		''They Shoot Horses, Don't They?''
1971		Nominated		''The Neon Ceiling''
1959			rowspan=2	''Teacher's Pet''
1970	''They Shoot Horses, Don't They?''
1971		Won	Best Supporting Actor	''They Shoot Horses, Don't They?''
1958		Nominated	Top Male Comedy Performance	''Teacher's Pet'' (Placed 4th)
1959		Top Male Supporting Performance	''The Tunnel of Love''
1963	Top Male Supporting Performance	''That Touch of Mink''

References

External links

Category:1913 births Category:1978 deaths Category:Actors who committed suicide Category:American film actors Category:American stage actors Category:American television actors Category:American military personnel of World War II Category:American murderers Category:Best Supporting Actor Academy Award winners Category:Best Supporting Actor Golden Globe (film) winners Category:Murder–suicides Category:People from St. Cloud, Minnesota Category:People self-identifying as alcoholics Category:Suicides by firearm in New York Category:United States Coast Guard personnel

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